The tale of beauty is as old as time itself. From cave paintings to today’s Instagram feeds, humans have always wanted to define, enhance, and celebrate beauty.

History of beauty

Ancient Egyptian art depicted figures with elongated eyes with kohl eyeliner, slender bodies, and high cheekbones. Kohl was believed to have protective powers, while youthful features symbolised fertility. 

In medieval Europe, the focus shifted from physical to spiritual beauty, emphasising humility, devotion, and the beauty of the soul. Pale skin and long hair (often covered) were considered desirable.

During the Renaissance period, artists celebrated the human form with depictions of the ideal woman who had a curvaceous figure, rosy cheeks, and flowing hair which symbolised fertility, health, and social status.

The Victorian era brought about its strict social codes and emphasis on propriety, with a return to restraint. The ideal woman had delicate features, pale skin, and a small waist accentuated by corsets to symbolise fragility and innocence. Heavy makeup was discouraged and natural beauty was preferred.

The 20th century witnessed a dramatic shift in ideals of beauty, driven by social changes, technological advancements, and the rise of mass media. 

Today, the concept of beauty is more multifaceted than ever. While traditional beauty standards still exist, there is a growing emphasis on individuality, self-expression, and inner beauty. Social media has allowed individuals to curate their own aesthetics and connect with like-minded communities.

The interesting thing about beauty and beauty standards is that they change over time, with one particular part of this evolution being how certain beauty practices transition from being associated with one gender to the other. 

Makeup

In ancient Egypt, both men and women used kohl eyeliner for aesthetic and protective purposes. Mesopotamian men also used cosmetics including kohl and powders.

Makeup was popular among both men and women in aristocratic circles in 18th century Europe. Men used powders and rouges to enhance their features, often to signify their social status.

There was a decline in men’s makeup use in the 19th century Victorian era. In the 20th and 21st centuries, makeup became increasingly associated with women. 

High heels

In the 10th century, high heels originated in Persia as a functional footwear for men on horseback, helping them secure their feet in stirrups.

High heels became a fashion trend in Europe in the 17th century, worn by both men and women. King Louis XIV of France was known for his love of high heels, which symbolised status and power.

In the 18th century, men’s fashion shifted towards more practical footwear with high heels becoming increasingly associated with women.

In the 20th and 21st centuries, high heels became a staple of women’s fashion, while some men still wear heeled shoes for fashion or practical reasons (e.g. Cuban heels for dancers).

An ongoing conversation

Other beauty practices such as wigs, hairpieces, long hair, lack of body hair, and more have started with men but over time have shifted toward women. However, modern men appear to embrace these practices more openly, challenging social norms. 

The history of beauty reveals a fascinating interplay between culture, history, and society. Defining beauty is an ongoing conversation and as we move forward, it is essential to embrace diversity, celebrate individuality, and promote a healthy and realistic view of beauty that includes everyone.