As you scroll through your Instagram or Facebook feed, you may have noticed several applications and artificial intelligence (AI) tools designed to help individuals facing mental health challenges. These tools offer a range of assistance, from organising the clutter of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) to combating depressive thoughts using cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) techniques, mindfulness-based tools, and many others. The best part is that many of these tools are either free or require only a nominal fee, making them a more affordable option compared to therapy sessions with a human-therapist. In today’s world, where AI is rapidly advancing, it’s important to talk about how AI affects mental health and therapy.
AI to battle mental health stigma?
Sri Lanka is still grappling with the persistent stigma surrounding mental health. In a society where the value of mental health professionals is not fully recognised, one might question the urgency of addressing the question of a therapist being replaced by a chatbot. However, it’s important to understand that stigma should not dictate the real need for mental health services. Increased stigma can lead to reduced access to these services. This doesn’t mean that mental health issues are fewer, but rather that individuals who require mental health support may face more barriers in seeking help. Consequently, the demand for online tools, where people can ensure their privacy, might significantly rise. These tools can serve as a vital path for individuals to seek support without fear of judgement or disclosure, addressing the accessibility challenges posed by stigma.
AI in mental health is not a new concept
The history of AI in mental health spans several decades, with notable developments and applications in the field. In the 1980s and 1990s, expert systems emerged as decision-support tools for mental health professionals. These systems utilised knowledge bases and rules to aid in diagnosis and treatment planning. Another significant advancement came in the late 1990s with the application of virtual reality (VR) technology in mental health treatment. VR environments allowed individuals to undergo controlled exposure therapy for phobias and anxiety disorders. For instance, a person with a fear of heights could engage in a virtual environment that simulates being at a great height, gradually exposing them to their fear in a safe and controlled manner.
In recent years, the use of AI-powered chatbots and conversational agents has gained a lot of attention. These tools can engage in text-based or voice-based conversations with users, offering mental health support and interventions. For instance, a chatbot might provide psychoeducation on stress management techniques, offer coping strategies for anxiety, or guide individuals through relaxation exercises. These conversational agents can be available 24/7, allowing users to access support and information at their convenience. If you have used ChatGPT, you may have noticed how it can have deep and detailed conversations with you. It even adjusts its responses based on what you say, making it feel personalised. This can create a sense of connection and make the conversation feel real, making it feel almost like real therapy.
The pros and cons
Using AI chatbots for mental health support has advantages as well as drawbacks. On the positive side, these tools offer temporary help for those who struggle with accessing or affording traditional services. As discussed above, they are accessible in various languages and time zones, at a low cost, and with no session limits. Users can customise the chatbot’s personality and therapeutic approach, making them feel more comfortable. AI chatbots can also collect and analyse data to improve services.
However, there are limitations to consider. Chatbots lack the empathy and understanding of human therapists, which is important for complex mental health issues. They may not accurately diagnose conditions and may lead to over-reliance. Privacy and data security concerns arise as chatbots gather personal information. Technical issues can disrupt the support process, and the lack of regulation raises worries about quality and safety. Additionally, the absence of a personal connection with a human therapist and ethical considerations poses challenges in relying solely on AI chatbots for mental health support.
Will AI replace human therapists?
To get an idea on the above question let’s ask a popular chatbot for its opinion on the matter. When asked whether AI will replace human therapists, ChatGPT responds as follows:
“While AI technologies have made significant advancements in the field of mental health, it is unlikely that they will completely replace human therapists. AI can provide valuable support and resources, but it lacks the nuanced understanding, empathy, and interpersonal skills that are crucial in therapeutic relationships. Human therapists bring a depth of experience, emotional intelligence, and the ability to adapt their approach to individual needs. They can establish trust, offer personalised guidance, and navigate complex emotions in ways that AI cannot replicate. Additionally, therapy often involves deep personal exploration, and many people find comfort in sharing their struggles with a compassionate human professional. AI can complement therapy by providing additional tools and resources, but the human element remains essential for effective and meaningful therapeutic interventions.”
How can we benefit from AI therapy tools?
If you’re seeking help from AI therapy tools, it’s important to keep a few things in mind. Understand that these tools have limitations and may not be able to fully address any complex mental health issues. Try to use them to complement traditional therapy and not as a complete replacement of a therapist. Stay aware of your feelings and reactions during AI therapy interactions, and remember to seek human support if needed. Also, ensure the privacy and security of your personal information when using these tools. If you combine AI therapy with self-care practices like exercise and maintaining social connections, it might benefit your wellbeing. But, remember that while AI therapy tools can provide support, human connection and professional help are essential for comprehensive mental healthcare.
(The writer is a mental health professional and has, over the past 10 years, contributed to several Sri Lankan media publications in both English and Sinhala languages, focusing on topics related to psychology and counselling)