• An explainer on what will happen today and tomorrow in Parliament

By the Parliament of Sri Lanka Although there was one previous experience of electing a President by the Parliament in Sri Lanka, this time is special. In 1993, given the demise of former President Ranasinghe Premadasa, D.B. Wijetunga was elected for the remainder of the term of President unanimously, without a poll, as the successor President. But this time, it has already been said that several candidates will come forward, so if that happens, a poll will have to be held. Accordingly, it will be marked as a new experience in the Parliamentary history of this country. If the office of the President becomes vacant before the end of his term in office, the procedure for electing a new President by Parliament is provided in the Constitution and the Presidential Elections (Special Provisions) Act (No. 2 of 1981). Thus, all the procedures mentioned below are mentioned step by step in that Act. What happens on 19 July? The Secretary-General must set a date and time for receiving nominations from Members of Parliament not earlier than 48 hours (two days) and not later than seven days after the announcement that the office of the President has been vacant. Therefore, the Secretary General informed the House last Saturday (16), that Parliament will convene on Tuesday (19) at 10 a.m. to accept the nominations. Thus, 19 July is reserved only for accepting nominations for the Presidency. The Secretary General of Parliament will act as the “returning officer” on the date fixed to hold the election for President by Parliament. If an MP is elected as President, a prior written consent is required stating the intention to hold office.  Every MP who intends to propose an MP to be elected for the vacant office of President must first obtain the written consent of that MP, stating his or her intent to serve in the office of President if the MP is elected. Accordingly, a copy of the same should be handed over to the Secretary General on 19 July, when nominations are to be accepted. Furthermore, it is essential to take care of the disqualifications specified in Article 92 of the Constitution when proposing the name of an MP for the vacant position of President. Accordingly, on that day of nominations, an MP should address the Secretary General and propose another MP for the vacant post of the Presidency. At the time of proposing, it is essential that the member who is proposing be present in the chamber. After that, the name proposed should be confirmed by another MP. A debate on this regard shall not be allowed. If only one member's name is suggested If only one member's name is proposed and confirmed, the Secretary General will announce it on the same day that said MP has been elected by Parliament for the vacant position of President. Accordingly, this procedure will be completed without further ado (in 1993, DB Wijetunga became President in this manner). What happens on 20 July If the names of more than one MP are proposed and confirmed, the voting should be held on a day not later than two days after the time of acceptance of nominations. Accordingly, if two or more names are proposed on 19 July, 20 July will be set aside for the election of the President. Here too, the Secretary General of the Parliament acts as the returning officer. How will the voting be conducted? Before voting begins, the Returning Officer shall show the empty ballot box or empty ballot boxes to the MPs and seal them. It is special that the Speaker also has the right to vote in this election. Thus, when the voting starts, the name of each MP, including the Speaker and the Secretary General, who acts as the Returning Officer will be called. Then the MP should go to the returning officer's desk and get a ballot paper. Then the member in charge of the polling officer will make a short signature with his initials on the back of the ballot paper. After that, the member who got the ballot paper should go to the booth arranged in the middle of the chamber, mark the ballot paper and place the short signature of the Returning Officer in a visible place in the box on the Returning Officer's desk. How to mark the ballot paper? Each MP is entitled to only one vote and the vote should be marked with the number “1” in the box in front of the candidate's name. There is also an option to mark preferences when there are multiple candidates. Accordingly, in line with the number of candidates who have appeared, in the boxes in front of the names of other election candidates, i.e., 2, 3, etc. can be marked according to the order of preferences.  

Candidate's name	Order of preference
A (Candidate's name)
B (Candidate's name)
C (Candidate's name)

  Here, if an error occurs in the marking of a ballot paper due to an oversight on the part of an MP (the act states that this is if an MP has inadvertently spoiled a ballot paper) it can be returned to the Returning Officer, and if the Returning Officer is satisfied with this, another ballot paper will be issued to him. Also, the spoiled ballot paper should be cancelled immediately by the Returning Officer. When the name of an MP who has not voted is called, the name of an MP who has not voted is called a second time before the end of voting, and if that member does not vote, he is considered to have abstained from voting. How will the votes be counted and the winner announced? Are 113 votes enough to win? After voting, the number of votes recorded for each candidate is counted. If a candidate wishes to come to the place where the counting of votes is conducted, he has the opportunity to do so or he can appoint another MP to represent him. If a candidate receives more than one-third of the valid votes cast, the returning officer, i.e. the Secretary General of Parliament, immediately announces that the candidate has been elected to the Presidency. If no candidate gets more than one-third of the valid votes cast, these proceedings will be extended slightly. Then the candidate with the lowest number of votes is eliminated from the competition. If each MP who voted as first preference for the candidate removed from the competition has their second preference, they will be added to the respective candidate. Even if no candidate has received more than two-thirds of the valid votes, the candidate who received the least number of votes in each calculation is removed from the competition and votes are added to the remaining candidates in the second, third, etc. Even after doing so, if no candidate has obtained one of two of the valid number of votes, the election officer will declare that the candidate who obtained the majority of votes at the end of the counting as above has been elected to the office of President. Also, when the votes are equal between two or more candidates, a draw will be made at the sole discretion of the Returning Officer. Also, the name of the candidate should be published by the Secretary General in the Gazette within three days of the election of the President.